what is standards ?
a standard is an
agreed, repeatable way of doing something. It is
a published document that
contains a technical specification or other precise
criteria designed to be
used consistently as a rule, guideline, or definition.
Standards help to
make life simpler and to increase the reliability and the
effectiveness of
many goods and services we use. Standards are created by
bringing together
the experience and expertise of all interested parties such as
the
producers, sellers, buyers, users and regulators of a particular material,
product, process or service.
why standards is important ?
it is important because
standards play a critical role in research and development, product development
and marketing initiatives, which in turn help organizations meet their
business
objectives. Standards simplify product development and reduce
non-value-adding
costs, thereby increasing a user's ability to compare
competing products.
Standards also represent fundamental building blocks
for international trade and
communications.
Causes of increasing importance of standards ?
-because it has a good quality products
-because of the industry and the export and import is
increasing.
Standards !
Standards are everywhere
Successful standards usually go unnoticed
What is Standard?
It is an agreement developed by several parties with the intent that all parties comply
Formal standard bodies: a standard is a document established by consensus and approved by a recognized
body, that provides and approved by a recognized body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines, that characteristics for activites or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context.(ISO/IEC,2004b,p8)
Why are Standards important?
Standards contain Information
-Indicate product safety
-Clarify health risks
-Clarify environmental risks
-Increase transparency in the market
-Create a level playing field
-Reduce information search costs
-Reduce production costs
-Necessary for diffusion of new technologies
Standards create compatibility
-"the suitability of products, processes or services for use together under specific conditions to fulfill relevant requirments without causing unacceptable interactions." (ISO/IEC, 1991)
Causes for the increasing importance of standards
-Expansion of global markets
-increasing concern for safety, health and environmental issues
-growing quality consciousness (higher demand for quality standards)
-Use of standards to protect agaisnt mistakes (legal accountability)
-regulation which encourages the use of standards
Why participate in making
standards?
*Companies:(Cargill,1989)
1)A standard is a change agent, a strategic toll to influence the market
2)Participate if a proposed standard affects their business, responds to a problem, focuses on their market
need
3)Standardization is an effort to guide momentum in the market
4)Standard is a guidepost that points towards the future of a market.
It provides predictability to business
It provides constancy to user operation
*Consumer:(WTO, 2005,pXXVII)
1)Standards are important to consumer good like food, drugs,vehicles, electrical appliances, safety equipment
2)Standard requirements regarding design (toys), ingredients (paint), process of manufacture or prduction(meat), perfromance(helmets)
3)"Consumers expect that services and products will be consistent in quality, durability and ease of use. International Standards are voluntary rules and guidelines that help to ensure:
*Safer, healthier, more environmentally sound products and services;
*Products with improved quality and reliability
*Better operational compatibility betwwen products and greater consistency in the delivery of services
*Improved choice and access to goods and services
*Lower costs for consumers
*Better product or service information" (ISO/IEC, 2003)
*Government:
1)Regulation (minimum standards for consumer protection)
2)Economic Growth
*Information and compatibility
*Education on standardization is part of the national economic strategy (Asian countries)
Classifications of Standards
*Terminology Standards
*Safety Standards
*Health Standards
*Procedural Standards
*Compatibility Standards
Standards
Organization
ANSI-American National Standards Institute (Does not itself make standards but approve them)
AIAA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
EIA: Electronic Industries Association
IEC: International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEE: Institute of Electrical and electronics
Engineers Computer Society (Software Engineerign Standards Committee)
ISO:
International Organization for Standardization
Successful standards usually go unnoticed
What is Standard?
It is an agreement developed by several parties with the intent that all parties comply
Formal standard bodies: a standard is a document established by consensus and approved by a recognized
body, that provides and approved by a recognized body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines, that characteristics for activites or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context.(ISO/IEC,2004b,p8)
Why are Standards important?
Standards contain Information
-Indicate product safety
-Clarify health risks
-Clarify environmental risks
-Increase transparency in the market
-Create a level playing field
-Reduce information search costs
-Reduce production costs
-Necessary for diffusion of new technologies
Standards create compatibility
-"the suitability of products, processes or services for use together under specific conditions to fulfill relevant requirments without causing unacceptable interactions." (ISO/IEC, 1991)
Causes for the increasing importance of standards
-Expansion of global markets
-increasing concern for safety, health and environmental issues
-growing quality consciousness (higher demand for quality standards)
-Use of standards to protect agaisnt mistakes (legal accountability)
-regulation which encourages the use of standards
Why participate in making
standards?
*Companies:(Cargill,1989)
1)A standard is a change agent, a strategic toll to influence the market
2)Participate if a proposed standard affects their business, responds to a problem, focuses on their market
need
3)Standardization is an effort to guide momentum in the market
4)Standard is a guidepost that points towards the future of a market.
It provides predictability to business
It provides constancy to user operation
*Consumer:(WTO, 2005,pXXVII)
1)Standards are important to consumer good like food, drugs,vehicles, electrical appliances, safety equipment
2)Standard requirements regarding design (toys), ingredients (paint), process of manufacture or prduction(meat), perfromance(helmets)
3)"Consumers expect that services and products will be consistent in quality, durability and ease of use. International Standards are voluntary rules and guidelines that help to ensure:
*Safer, healthier, more environmentally sound products and services;
*Products with improved quality and reliability
*Better operational compatibility betwwen products and greater consistency in the delivery of services
*Improved choice and access to goods and services
*Lower costs for consumers
*Better product or service information" (ISO/IEC, 2003)
*Government:
1)Regulation (minimum standards for consumer protection)
2)Economic Growth
*Information and compatibility
*Education on standardization is part of the national economic strategy (Asian countries)
Classifications of Standards
*Terminology Standards
*Safety Standards
*Health Standards
*Procedural Standards
*Compatibility Standards
Standards
Organization
ANSI-American National Standards Institute (Does not itself make standards but approve them)
AIAA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
EIA: Electronic Industries Association
IEC: International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEE: Institute of Electrical and electronics
Engineers Computer Society (Software Engineerign Standards Committee)
ISO:
International Organization for Standardization